What Would President Niebuhr Do? Applying Niebuhrian Thought to Contemporary Politics

R. Ward Holder
St. Anselm College
Peter Josephson
St. Anselm College
Date: Wednesday, February 13, 2019
Location: Boisi CenterÂ
Abstract
R. Ward Holder and Peter Josephson, both from St. Anselm's College, will discuss their new book:ÌęReinhold Niebuhr in Theory and Practice: Christian Realism and Democracy in America in the Twenty-First Century, during a lunch colloquium at the Boisi Center. The book takes up what the practical application of Niebuhrian policies would look like, as well as seeking to understand the countryâs rapid move from a âNiebuhrian moment,â to an America First neo-populism.Â
Speaker Bios

R. Ward Holder is a historical and political theologian, and professor of theology at Saint Anselm College in Manchester, New Hampshire. He writes on the Reformation, biblical interpretation, and the manner in which religious convictions shape modern politics and political theory. Among other works, he has authored John Calvin and the Grounding of Interpretation: Calvinâs First Commentaries, (Brill, 2006); and has edited A Companion to Paul in the Reformation, (Brill, 2009); and John Calvin in Context, (Cambridge, 2019). Among his political theological efforts he has co-authored, with Peter B. Josephson, The Irony of Barack Obama: Barack Obama, Reinhold Niebuhr, and the Problem of Christian Statecraft (Ashgate, 2012) and Reinhold Niebuhr in Theory and Practice: Christian Realism and Democracy in America in the Twenty-First Century, (Lexington, 2018).

±Ê±đłÙ±đ°ùÌꎳŽÇČő±đ±èłóČőŽÇČÔ is Professor of Politics and Chair of the Department of Politics at Saint Anselm College. From 2012 to 2015 he held the Richard L. Bready Chair in Ethics, Economics, and the Common Good. Josephson is the author of The Great Art of Government: Locke's Use of Consent (University Press of Kansas, 2002), and with R. Ward Holder, the co-author of The Irony of Barack Obama: Barack Obama, Reinhold Niebuhr, and the Problem of Christian Statecraft (Ashgate, 2012) and Reinhold Niebuhr in Theory and Practice: Christian Realism and Democracy in America in the Twenty-First Century (Lexington, 2018). Josephsonâs articles and book chapters include work on Hobbes and Locke, theories of political economy, the political philosophy of Henry Kissinger, as well as works on politics and popular culture. His current research returns to the works of John Locke to explore the relation between philosophy and politics in the liberal regime.
Event Recap
Attempting to consider theory and practice together, in politics, presents a challenge when public speech is less open to nuance and often demanding of certainty. Despite the difficulty, Peter Josephson, a professor of politics at Saint Anslem College, and R. Ward Holder, a professor of theology at Saint Anselmâs, took up the challenge in their recent book, Reinhold Niebuhr in Theory and Practice: Christian Realism and Democracy in America in the Twenty-First Century. On Wednesday, February 13th, Holder and Josephson joined the Boisi Center for a luncheon colloquium covering their new book and asking the question, âWhat Would President Niebuhr Do?â The authors suggested that the very project of considering theory and practice together is, in one way, to consider Christianity and realism together as they exist in the public sphere.
Holder and Josephson opened with a brief biography of Niebuhr showing how deeply he is connected with the best of the American dream within our imaginations. They dived right into the challenges of the book, starting with five theological-political foci that serve as foundations for Niebuhrian thought regarding politics today: human anthropology, human societies and justice, faith and history, sin and the âeasy conscience,â and Christian responsibility in the world. As they spoke more about Niebuhrâs understandings of human anthropology, they noted his observation that the modern age has spent too much time convincing itself something about humans that isnât true; correcting that anthropology is necessary for dealing adequately with practical concerns. Similarly, Niebuhr held that any purely political or merely social-scientific solution to political questions would not suffice -- such solutions taken alone are, rather, sins of pride that remove the needed tension between public and private power.
Niebuhrâs thought is challenging not only to larger theoretical tendencies of modernity. Niebuhr stressed that the reason we did not fully understand some of the monstrosities of the twentieth century was because we have yet to fully understand ourselves; each crisis, like the Cold War, offers an occasion to critique our own political conscience, an occasion for self-reflection. Likewise, any âeasy conscienceâ -- either on the right of laissez-faire liberalism or on the left of the administrative state -- must be understood as representing only half-truths.
During the Q&A, Holder and Josephson spoke further on Niebuhrâs understanding of the virtue of a constitutional system of checks and balances, âin which pride meets its match.â No one person or office has the sufficient knowledge and foresight to do without another checking its power. Niebuhrâs understanding of the constructs of our nation offers insight into how we can continue to build wisely within our diverse society, cognizant of the dangers of sin and pride and the complexities that require political-theological thought.
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BOOKS
Babones, Salvatore J. The New Authoritarianism: Trump, Populism, and the Tyranny of Experts. Medford: Polity, 2018.
Erwin, Scott R (Scott Robert). The Theological Vision of Reinhold Niebuhrâs The Irony of American History:ÌęâIn the Battle Above Itâ. 1st ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.   Â
Holder, Ward and Peter Josephson. Reinhold Niebuhr in Theory and Practice:ÌęChristian Realism and Democracy in America in the Twenty-First Century. Lexington, MA:ÌęLexington Press, 2018.Â
Niebuhr, Reinhold and Elizabeth Sifton, ed. Reinhold Niebuhr: Major Works on Religion and Politics. New York: Literary Classics of the United States, 2015.
Wolfe, Alan. The Politics of Petulance: America in an Age of Immaturity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2018.
Wright, Andrew. Christianity and Critical Realism: Ambiguity, Truth, and Theological Literacy. New York: Routledge, 2013. Â
ARTICLESÂ Â
Carlson, John D. âReinhold Niebuhr and Richard John Neuhaus: Religion and American Public Life in the Twentieth Century and Beyond.â Political Theology 14, no.3 (January 2013): 362-374.  DOI:Ìę10.1179/1462317X13Z.00000000030
Grigor Suny, Ronald. âThe Crisis of Bourgeois Democracy: the Fate of an Experiment in the Age of Nationalism, Populism, and Neo-liberalism.â New Perspectives on Turkey 57, (November 2017): 115-141. DOI:Ìę10.1017/npt.2017.32
Sabella, Jeremy Luis. âEstablishment Radical: Assessing the Legacy of Reinhold Niebuhrâs Reflections on the End of an Era.â Political Theology 18, no.5 (July 2017): 377-398). DOI:Ìę10.1179/1462317X15Z.000000000176
Schmidt, Vivien A. âBritain-Out and Trump-In: a Discursive Institutionalist Analysis of the British Referendum on the E.U. and the U.S. Presidential Election.â Review of International Political Economy 24, no.2 (April 2017): 248-269.Â
DOI:Ìę10.1080/09692290.2017.1304974
Richie, Tony L. âA Politics of Pluralism in American Democracy: Reinhold Niebuhrâs Christian Realism as a National Resource in a Post-9/11 World.â Journal of Ecumenical Studies 45, no. 3 (Summer 2010): 471. Â
In the News
Thisbreaks down how Comey, who studied Niebuhr, applied some of his ideas in his practice as a public official and in his writing. Comey, who has been a major figure in recent American politics, was greatly influenced by Niebuhr's ideas on religion and politics.Â